Monday, January 19, 2026

Private Investigator Basics: Records Research

Records Research: An Essential Competency

Private investigation relies on three core competencies: records research, interviews, and surveillance. While not every investigation will require interviews or surveillance, all will involve some form of records research. In fact, certain investigations may consist solely of research. Records research involves locating both public and private records, serving as a crucial tool for gathering information that can support or refute a particular viewpoint.

Records Research Basics Process

Every investigative assignment brings its own unique aspects to the research process. The databases and repositories an investigator consults will differ based on the specific nature of the investigation. Therefore, it is important for investigators to continuously expand their knowledge of various database resources to remain effective.

Four Major Steps of Records Research

Step 1: Determine the Client's Needs

The foundation of any research assignment is to understand the client's needs. The first question to address is: What is being sought? Clarifying this helps identify the client's objectives and the scope of the work. Responsible private investigators will also determine how the client intends to use the information before proceeding. It is essential to avoid conducting research that could be misused or cause harm to others.

Step 2: Develop an Investigative Plan

Once the client's needs are clearly defined, the next step is to develop an investigative plan. This plan outlines the specific investigative tasks and the documents that need to be located. Additionally, it should include an operating budget and cost estimate to ensure accountability and efficiency throughout the investigation. With a comprehensive plan in place, investigators can present a clear proposal to the client and set expectations for the final outcome.

Step 3: Internet Research

Internet research often serves as the starting point for records research. The accessibility of online resources allows investigators to quickly narrow their search, making the process more effective and efficient. Rather than becoming overwhelmed by the vast amount of information available, investigators should focus their efforts to target only the most relevant sources.

Step 4: Obtaining Original Records

Original records are the primary documents containing the required information, such as birth certificates, marriage licenses, or business records. While these originals are generally not available online, initial internet research can reveal where to obtain them. Locating and securing original records is a critical component of comprehensive records research.

Public versus Private Records

The distinction between public records and private records is important in the investigative process. Public records, which vary by state, may include addresses, birth and marriage records, criminal records, and certain records of divorce proceedings. Private records, such as medical, tax, credit, employment, and educational information, are typically restricted. Accessing these private records requires explicit authorization—usually in the form of a signed waiver from the individual concerned.

Conclusion

Each of the three core competencies—records research, interviews, and surveillance—plays a vital role in the investigative process. Records research, in particular, enables investigators to gather more information and form a clearer understanding of the individuals or situations they are examining. When records research is combined with interviewing and surveillance skills, investigators are able to enhance their effectiveness and professionalism in the field.

Brian Blackwell Investigations
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
https://www.brianblackwell.biz